An Orthopaedic oncologist examines the patients by analyzing the symptoms such as pain in the joints, tenderness of bones and fractures. He also specializes in treating diseases like carpal tunnel syndrome, bunions, ganglions, hip replacement surgery and knee replacement surgery. Risk factors of this disease are old age, ionizing radiation, and changes in the harm ones, hereditary and environmental factors. Sometimes bone cancer may also have metastasized from the cancerous organ. Metastasis is nothing but spreading of the cancerous tissue to other parts of the body. For example, a patient suffering from stage 4-breast cancer has high risk of bone cancer.

An orthopaedic oncologist uses different methods to treat bone cancer. Some of the common methods an orthopaedic surgeon uses are surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Treatment methods vary depending upon the intensity of the disease. Chemotherapy is used in all stages of cancer. Radiation therapy is used after the removal of tumor for preventing damage to other cells. Surgery is recommended when the cancer has spread intensely. The physicians conduct awareness programs in hospitals and other public places to educate people about this disease that will help to detect cancer at an early stage. An orthopaedic oncologist attends seminars and workshops to update him about the recent technologies in treating cancer.

A neuro oncologist works with special oncologists, nurses, dietitians and other social workers in order to make the treatment a success. The physician always discusses the disease as well as the treatment options with the patient and their family members so that they can get a good understanding about the disease. Brain is the most sensitive part in the body, if any damage occurs due to a surgery a patient may go in coma state for the rest of his life so the neuro oncologist very carefully analyses the conditions of the patients, such as the age, overall health, and location of the tumor, before performing a surgery.

The latest technology that is used to treat brain tumors is the Posititron Emission Tomography (PET CT) and the Computerized Tomography which can detect metabolic activity. It can take 32 images per second and gives details about the tumor size and location. Using these latest technologies the neuro oncologist performs surgery on the patients without any scars. Sometimes the patient is given radiation to prevent the growth of the cancerous cells. Apart from treating the tumors the physician counsels the patients to overcome surgery effects and improve the quality of life.

Cancer is a fatal disease and can affect anyone. A medical oncologist job is diagonised, treat and prevent cancer through drugs and chemotherapy. The physician suggests for a diagnostic test for determining the cancerous cells. The diagnostic test includes blood test, mammogram, x-ray, scan and biopsy. After the confirmation of cancerous cells, the physician checks for the stage of the cancer. Treatment is given to the patients based on the intensity of cancer in the organ. The medical oncologist treats them through drugs and chemotherapy. If the treatment is not effective then he recommends surgical removal of either the cancerous tissue or the organ, which is done by a surgical oncologist.

Advancement in medical oncology has saved many lives from this dangerous disease. Apart from treating patients, an oncologist assists the research department in providing more facts about oncology from their experience. He also conducts workshops for the public to create awareness among every individual. A physician updates himself about the new treatments that can heal the disease in short period. Salary of an oncologist varies depending on the years of experience. The salary of a medical oncologist varies between $40,000 to $70,000 per year for a beginner and $135,000 to $250,000 for the experienced.

One of the common malignancies that a gynecologist oncologist treats is the endometrial cancer. It occurs due to the abnormal cell division in the lining of the uterus and due to an increased level of estrogen. It develops after menopause. Though the cause of this disease is not known, there are many methods to cure this disease when detected at an early stage. The symptoms of endometrial cancer are bleeding after menopause, pain during sexual intercourse, weight loss and abnormal discharge from the vagina.

Risk factors of endometrial cancer are irregular ovulation, high fat diet, obesity, and puberty at an early age, ovarian tumors and diabetes. The oncologists advise every patient for a check up if these risk factors prevail. A gynecologist oncologist will suggest a series of test like the pap test, endometrial biopsy and transvaginal ultrasound which will show the presence of cancerous cells.
The only treatment for endometrial cancer is surgery. Through the surgery the oncologist will determine if the cells have metastasized to other organs. Doing regular exercise, using birth control pills, and maintaining the BMI can prevent endometrial cancer. A gynecologist oncologist conducts awareness programs across the city to educate the people and to diagonise the disease at an early stage for complete cure.

In order to become an oncologist, one has to spend four years in completing the basic medical schooling. After graduating as a physician, one has to spend another two years to graduate with the masters degree preferably graduation in M.D. The student has to apply for the internal residency programs where one has to attend and qualify the interviews and tests conducted by the university and get themselves into a residency program. The duration of the internal residency program will be between 2 and 4 years.

There are many specialties in oncology and the candidates can choose to specialize in the area that interests them. For example Gynecologic oncologist is one of the subspecialties of oncology where the oncologist specializes in treating malignancy of the female reproductive system. After the residency program, one has to spend two years in studying the specialty course of their interest. The future oncologist has to attend the board examination after their fellowships and residency programs. The oncologist then enters a private hospital or a clinics and practices as an oncologist.

An oncologist surgeon analyses the staging and size of the tumor by removing the entire lump and the lymph nodes present in the organ. Patients who have stage 1 cancer are advised by the oncologist surgeon to remove the lump and the associated lymph nodes to ensure cancerous tissue does not spread elsewhere. A surgeon performs the debulking in cases where the removal of the entire tissues may harm the organ. People who are suffering from severe pain caused by cancer are advised to undergo a surgery to remove the pain-causing tumor.

Generally a surgery is performed depending on the intensity of the cancerous tissue in an organ.
For example, if the cancerous cells in a tumor are identified in the beginning stage then the surgeon suggests only for the removal of the tumor. A surgeon may suggest the removal of an organ if the cancerous cells have just started spreading to the lymph nodes. Oncology surgeries are always associated with radiation and chemotherapy. These are the two common technologies that are used to prevent the growth of cancerous tissue. An oncologist surgeon advises the patients to visit his office regularly after the surgery.

The salary of an oncologist depends on various factors like experience, specializations, and academic qualifications. The amount of money a physician makes also depends upon the number of patients visiting his office. Generally physicians with more experience will have better earnings than others. The more a physician is experienced the more he is paid. The best example is the oncologist surgeon who will decide the charges based on the surgery and the intensity of the disease in the person. A surgeon with more than two years of experience can make his earnings up to $245,000 and surgeons with less than two years can expect $295,000. The salary of an oncologist may vary from $57000 to $21,000 per year. A physician with more than four years of experience may earn from $100,000 to $230,000 and one with ten years of experience can gain up to $300,00per annum. Similarly physicians in all other specializations can grow financially with their years of experience. The oncologist salary varies after every year.

The salary of an oncologist varies form country to country. In the major countries like the U.S the physician is paid between $90,000 and $300,000. The payment also varies based on the type of employer one is working with. Physicians working in private hospitals earn more than the self-employed. The salary of an oncologist also varies based on the gender. The female oncologists have a high earning potential than the male oncologist. The female oncologist earn about $155,000 whereas the male oncologist can make upto $250,000 annually.

Apart from the salary part, there are other benefits like the fringe benefit, an average of one month vacation, sick leave, liability insurance, paid leaves, plans for retirement, reimbursement for higher education, health care for their family, cash bonuses upto $240,000,and profit sharing which adds upto the income.

A clinical oncologist treats the patient using the high energy of x-rays, electrons or any other form of heavy radiation. These rays are targeted heavily at the site of the tumor while reducing the radiation around the tumor site. The radiations stop and modify the growth and structure of the DNA thereby stopping further increase of the cancerous cells. The oncologist monitors the
Progress of the patient for several weeks and advises on future care and control of the disease. Each cancer has to be treated in a unique manner by using different radiation technology. For example, certain type of cancer requires insertion of radioactive element at the tumor site which can destroy them at the site itself.

Apart from radiation a clinical oncologist uses anti-cancer drug or hormone therapy for treating certain types of cancer. The oncologists advise the patients about the precautionary and preventive measures of this disease in order to avoid relapse. Although this method is painless, there are many side effects, which can disturb the patient mentally and physically. During these days the patient looses hair and body texture so the physician takes utmost care to counsel the patient and bring to the normal shape.

An oncologist office has some posters with inspiration words that will give a ray of hope for the inpatients. A bulletin board contains a checklist that every patient should carry when visiting an oncologist. Some of the checklist items are health insurance card, recent medical records, recent radiology films, and list of allergies, recent medications and legal documents. Every patient is given an appointment card for meeting the physician. Help desks are available which will give information about the insurance and other policies. In most of the hospitals, new patients are given an opportunity to meet people who have been recovered from cancer. This will help the outpatients gain a deep insight about the disease.

The radiology, chemotherapy and laboratory are situated away from the physician s office. The office is designed in such a way that people who come for the first time gain some information about the disease before they meet the oncologist. Operation theaters are well equipped and sanitized. The rooms of the patients have television and radio for entertainment the patients. On the whole, an oncologist office has all the facilities to treat the patient from all types of cancerous diseases.

After a symptom check, a hematologist oncologist performs a diagnosis to confirm the presence of cancerous cells. The basic diagnostic test in blood cancer is biopsy and blood test. A hematologist oncologist is expert in treating treats common forms of blood cancer like leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma. Each type of blood cancer has different type of symptoms and treatments for example patients the blood result of patients who are diagonised with leukemia shows low white blood cell count and have a lump in their lymph nodes.

There are various treatments a hematologist uses to treat blood cancer. Some of the most common ones are chemotherapy, radiotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, steroids, biological therapy and stem cell transplant. Chemotherapy is the process of treating cancer with powerful drugs. The hematologist oncologist uses chemotherapy in treating diseases like Hodgkin’s disease and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Radiotherapy is the process of using high radiations like x-ray, gamma rays and neutrons on the affected area to kill the cancerous tissues. A hematologist oncologist uses in treating diseases like Ewing s sarcoma and leukaemia.